# Screen Devices

Screen devices include laptops, tablets, phones, smartwatches, and other machines with screens. While many students feel they are necessary in class, these technologies often cause more distraction than benefit, as empirical research suggests.

## Bibliography

  * Susan Dynarski, "[For Note Taking, Low-Tech is Often Best](https://www.gse.harvard.edu/news/uk/17/08/note-taking-low-tech-often-best)," _Useable Knowledge_ from the Harvard Graduate School of Education (August 21, 2017)
  * Susan Dynarski, "[Laptops Are Great. But Not During a Lecture or a Meeting.](https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/22/business/laptops-not-during-lecture-or-meeting.html)," _The New York Times_ (November 22, 2017)
  * Reynol Junco, "[In-class multitasking and academic performance](http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0747563212001926)," _Computers in Human Behavior_ 28, no. 6 (November 2012)
  * "[One Instructor's Approach to Digital Distraction](https://oit.colorado.edu/news/20016)," Office of Information Technology, University of Colorado Boulder (April 2, 2018)
  * Faria Sanaa, Tina Weston, and Nicholas J.Cepeda, "[Laptop multitasking hinders classroom learning for both users and nearby peers](http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360131512002254)," _Computers & Education_ 62 (March 2013)
  * Cindi May, "[Students are Better Off without a Laptop in the Classroom](https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/students-are-better-off-without-a-laptop-in-the-classroom/)," _Scientific American_ (July 11, 2017)
  * "[The Digital Native Is a Myth](https://www.nature.com/news/the-digital-native-is-a-myth-1.22363)," _Nature_ (July 25, 2017)